Horse Vaccination
Horses are particularly sensitive to Tetanus and given the horse's tendency to cut itself on fences and various other objects (tetanus infects from the environment through cuts), Tetanus vaccination is essential. It is also recommended to vaccinate against Strangles (a respiratory disease) as it is a highly infectious disease that rapidly spreads through an unprotected population. Both Tetanus and Strangles are often fatal. Horse vaccines are relatively cheap compared to those for dogs and cats. They can be administered by the owner and are definitely cheaper than the costs of attempted treatment for Tetanus or Strangles.
Foals
Foals should begin their vaccination program at 12 weeks of age. They require 3 doses of Strangles vaccine 2 weeks apart and 2 doses of Tetanus vaccine 4 weeks apart. The program is basically a combined Tetanus/Strangles at 12 weeks, a Strangles alone at 14 weeks and a combined Tetanus/Strangles at 16 weeks of age. This is the full primary course.
Strangles vaccine requires a booster every 12 months thereafter to maintain immunity. If the Tetanus vaccine is given as above to a foal and then boosted 12 months after there is usually longer lasting protection (around 5 years) and following the first annual booster Tetanus can be given once every 5 years. However, Strangles vaccine still needs to be given annually.
Mares should be up to date with their vaccination and be vaccinated about 6 weeks prior to foaling so they can pass immunity on to the foal for the first 12 weeks of its life.
Adult Horses
Adult horses that have not been vaccinated need to follow the same protocol as foals. That is a Tetanus/Strangles vaccine followed 2 weeks later by a Strangles vaccine and then 2 weeks after this another Tetanus/Strangles combined vaccination. Strangles boosters should be given every 12 months thereafter. A Tetanus booster should be given a year after the primary course and can then be spaced out to once every 5 years.
Injuries/Cuts and Tetanus
The bacteria that causes tetanus is widespread and lives for a long time in the environment. It enters the body through wounds and grows in the infected tissue where it produces a toxin that causes tetanic (spasmic) contractions and paralysis in the nervous system. Any time your horse sustains a laceration, cut or penetrating injury they are potentially at risk.
If your horse is cut you or the vet should administer a tetanus anti-toxin injection (this neutralises any toxin in the body for up to 3 weeks) and also give a booster Tetanus vaccination. This is especially important if your horse is unvaccinated or if it is not up to date with its vaccinations. If your horse is unvaccinated this vaccine should be the first in the primary course of tetanus vaccination and an ongoing vaccination program.
Equine Influenza
After the EI outbreak in 2007 the waters regarding EI vaccination are fairly murky. Please contact us and speak to a vet if you would like the most up to date information.
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